The Boasts of Hywel ab Owain Gwynedd by Daniel Abse
The title of this poem refers to Hywel who was a Welsh warrior-prince
and poet. He was the son of Owain Gwynedd and played a significant part in the
occupation of Ceredigion (Cardiganshire) by the house of Gwynedd. This
connects with the poem because the speaker is boasting about all the
different women who he has 'been with' in the space of only a week.
'Sunday, skilled in zealous verse I praised the Lord'
The first stanza tells the reader of Sunday's to Wednesday's women. Immediately, a
boastful tone is created as the speaker
refers to his use of 'skilled' and zealous verse'. He describes the first woman as '[his] busty next',
which describes the woman in a sexual tone, portraying her as an object for his own satisfaction. He makes a
reference to the women's 'whiteness', depicting her to be better than 'pear blossom'. The colour of white connotes purity and innocence, which may suggest that the speaker takes away that innocence.
'Not to love her is a sin'
Abse states that 'Not to love' Tuesday's woman would be a 'sin.' Love is mentioned, however it could refer to her physical
appearance and actions, meaning that it's not based on emotion. The woman's name is 'Gwladus' which means 'Lame' in Welsh. This is degrading and
disrespectful, which could suggest that the speaker has no respect for women, furthermore, it implies that he is using the women and not obtaining any feelings of love towards her. The speaker then appears
to be flirtatious as he describes how he 'woo[s]' her until her cheeks 'flush like rosy apple skin'. Abse uses the word 'thrust'; which creates a sexual tone, it also makes the relationship seem very separate from love.
'Wednesday, Genery's. Dry old hymns I steal to please her.'
On Wednesday, the lady's name is 'Generys' which means 'mistress' in Welsh, another form of degrading women, just like 'lame.' The speaker describes how he uses 'Dry old hymns' in order to 'please her.' This
suggests that he finds the hymns exceedingly boring, however he would go to
any extent to make a woman fall for him, presenting the speaker as shallow and ignorant.
The poet then describes 'Hawis' as his 'epic regular' which could suggest that everyday women fall for the speaker.
''Through an orchard I adore'
Abse uses refers to flowers/nature when describing his Saturday.The words 'orchard' and 'efflorescence' indicates prosperity, joy and beauty, the poet obviously feels a great excitement from
having many different women. The speaker goes on to hope that 'her name stay secret for her husband's sake' which means he goes for married women, reinforcing the fact that he has no morals. In the poem, there is a sense of
accomplishment for the speaker, even though what he's doing is completely deceitful.
'O tongue, lick up juices of the fruit'
The final stanza expresses a tone of sexual desire and innuendo. The speaker refers to '[licking] up jucies' which suggests he can have any woman he wants, and can do whatever he likes to them. As long as his 'busy tongue keeps quite' which implies the importance of the secret between him and his women, their husbands must not find out. Likewise, the individual females must not become aware of the fact that he is sleeping around with other women.
Sunday 29 March 2015
Reutrn to Cardiff by Daniel Abse
Return to Cardiff by Daniel Abse
The poem is about the poets return to his hometown, where he grew up. The poem has a slightly negative tone as it explores the journey from childhood to adulthood, where the poet doesn't feel at home anymore, in fact it feels 'alien and bleak.'
'Hometown'; well, most admit an affection for a city; grey, tangled streets'
The first stanza takes the reader back to the poet's childhood where he has his 'First everything' including his first cigarette an first 'botched love affair.' It appears that Cardiff holds the majority of Abse's memories, which could possibly be regretful memories.The use of a short sentence and caesura 'First everything' makes it sound significant, which reinforces the importance of his childhood memories.
'The journey to Cardiff seemed less a return than a raid'
The second stanza portrays a sense of decay in the poets hometown of Cardiff. The journey seemed 'less a return than a raid' which suggests how the poet was naive when he was younger, now he is grown up he realises the reality of life. The 'mislaid identities' could suggest that the poet feels out of place and different to the people surrounding him, he could feel like a stranger in his own hometown.
The poet then describes how the 'whole locus [is] smaller' which could imply that as a child he saw everything as exciting, but now he sees things as they are, which isn't always great.
'Unfocused voices in the wind, associations, clues, odds and ends'
The opening of stanza three begins with images of 'Unfocused voices in the wind, associations, clues, odds and ends' which creates confusion. The poet may be talking about his past memories where he has found a new perspective, finding out the truth about his childhood memories because he was too naive and young to realise before. By using the word 'voices' makes the individual have a lack of identity, unfamiliar to Abse. 'Odds and ends' also makes Cardiff appear different to how it used to be, it's not the same place anymore.
'Unable to define anything I can hardly speak'
The idea of disappointment is reinforced in the fourth stanza as the poet is 'unable to define anything' which suggests how unfamiliar his hometown has become. Yet he 'still [loves] the place for what it used to be' which strengthens the idea of his memories when he was younger. The poet is ashamed of his hometown, it is presented as a place full of disappointment and displeasure, in fact it has become 'alien and bleak.'
'Illusory, too, lost dark playground after rain'
Abse used the word 'illusory' when describing some memories and childlike factors. By using this word it makes it seem like his whole childhood was just an illusion, now the poet is grown up he understands the disappointment that life can bring and could argue that his happy childhood memories was just a figure of his imagination.
The poem is about the poets return to his hometown, where he grew up. The poem has a slightly negative tone as it explores the journey from childhood to adulthood, where the poet doesn't feel at home anymore, in fact it feels 'alien and bleak.'
'Hometown'; well, most admit an affection for a city; grey, tangled streets'
The first stanza takes the reader back to the poet's childhood where he has his 'First everything' including his first cigarette an first 'botched love affair.' It appears that Cardiff holds the majority of Abse's memories, which could possibly be regretful memories.The use of a short sentence and caesura 'First everything' makes it sound significant, which reinforces the importance of his childhood memories.
'The journey to Cardiff seemed less a return than a raid'
The second stanza portrays a sense of decay in the poets hometown of Cardiff. The journey seemed 'less a return than a raid' which suggests how the poet was naive when he was younger, now he is grown up he realises the reality of life. The 'mislaid identities' could suggest that the poet feels out of place and different to the people surrounding him, he could feel like a stranger in his own hometown.
The poet then describes how the 'whole locus [is] smaller' which could imply that as a child he saw everything as exciting, but now he sees things as they are, which isn't always great.
'Unfocused voices in the wind, associations, clues, odds and ends'
The opening of stanza three begins with images of 'Unfocused voices in the wind, associations, clues, odds and ends' which creates confusion. The poet may be talking about his past memories where he has found a new perspective, finding out the truth about his childhood memories because he was too naive and young to realise before. By using the word 'voices' makes the individual have a lack of identity, unfamiliar to Abse. 'Odds and ends' also makes Cardiff appear different to how it used to be, it's not the same place anymore.
'Unable to define anything I can hardly speak'
The idea of disappointment is reinforced in the fourth stanza as the poet is 'unable to define anything' which suggests how unfamiliar his hometown has become. Yet he 'still [loves] the place for what it used to be' which strengthens the idea of his memories when he was younger. The poet is ashamed of his hometown, it is presented as a place full of disappointment and displeasure, in fact it has become 'alien and bleak.'
'Illusory, too, lost dark playground after rain'
Abse used the word 'illusory' when describing some memories and childlike factors. By using this word it makes it seem like his whole childhood was just an illusion, now the poet is grown up he understands the disappointment that life can bring and could argue that his happy childhood memories was just a figure of his imagination.
Friday 27 March 2015
Down the M4 by Daniel Abse
Down the M4 by Daniel Abse
Down the M4 is a poem by Abse about going back to Wales. (the M4 is the main road to Wales from England)
'This time afraid to hear my mother's news'
Within the first stanza, there is evidence that he is going back to Wales for negative news through the word 'afraid.' The poet is afraid of what he is going to be told once he gets there through his 'mother's news.' We also get the semantic field of death and ageing through this stanza. Abse describes how his aunts and uncles 'too, go into the hole, one by one' which connotes this idea of death because we imagine his family being buried. The theme of ageing is enforced in this stanza as his mother's 'beautiful face' is in it's 'ninth decade'
'Each visit she tells me the monotonous story of clocks'
Within the second stanza, the poet shares a memory of his mother's story about clocks, reinforcing the theme of age. 'Each visit she tells me the monotonous story of clocks' is a reflection of his mother's age and the fact that it is 'monotonous' suggests something boring. The clock also suggests that life is a precious gift which we don't always realise, it goes by too quickly.
The use of language in this stanza implies that the visits he used to have to see his 'beautiful' mother (first stanza) have become a chore, setting a rather depressing tone. Abse feels that his hair is 'turning grey' as he listens to her, this could also suggest that each day we get older which is a day closer to death, linking to a tone which Larkin would use.
'You're no Jewess. They're from the Bible.'
Within the third stanza, a reference to religion is made. 'The village' is presented as a voice of discrimination, specifically if you're from 'Patagonia.' 'Tell the truth, fach, you're no Jewess' suggests that society didn't accept his mother or his family, he presents the prejudice they was faced with at the time. The poet also mentions his grandmother in this stanza, he calls her 'genuine' and she 'tells the truth.' The image portrayed of his grandmother is shown in a positive light. However, he compares her accent to stones, but stones last forever.
'Under bridges that leap over me'
The last stanza links to the title of the poem as the poet 'drives down the M4' where he looks back on his life. The bridge that the poet drove under is personified, the bridges 'leap' but then 'shrink' which could suggest that we only move forward in life, we are unable to change the past but we can reflect.
Abse describes an old 'Yiddish tune' that him and his mother sing, however the poet knows that it 'won't keep' and essentially will be forgotten. He his aware that his mother will go just like him, they will be forgotten about and lost, forming the idea of death.
Down the M4 is a poem by Abse about going back to Wales. (the M4 is the main road to Wales from England)
'This time afraid to hear my mother's news'
Within the first stanza, there is evidence that he is going back to Wales for negative news through the word 'afraid.' The poet is afraid of what he is going to be told once he gets there through his 'mother's news.' We also get the semantic field of death and ageing through this stanza. Abse describes how his aunts and uncles 'too, go into the hole, one by one' which connotes this idea of death because we imagine his family being buried. The theme of ageing is enforced in this stanza as his mother's 'beautiful face' is in it's 'ninth decade'
'Each visit she tells me the monotonous story of clocks'
Within the second stanza, the poet shares a memory of his mother's story about clocks, reinforcing the theme of age. 'Each visit she tells me the monotonous story of clocks' is a reflection of his mother's age and the fact that it is 'monotonous' suggests something boring. The clock also suggests that life is a precious gift which we don't always realise, it goes by too quickly.
The use of language in this stanza implies that the visits he used to have to see his 'beautiful' mother (first stanza) have become a chore, setting a rather depressing tone. Abse feels that his hair is 'turning grey' as he listens to her, this could also suggest that each day we get older which is a day closer to death, linking to a tone which Larkin would use.
'You're no Jewess. They're from the Bible.'
Within the third stanza, a reference to religion is made. 'The village' is presented as a voice of discrimination, specifically if you're from 'Patagonia.' 'Tell the truth, fach, you're no Jewess' suggests that society didn't accept his mother or his family, he presents the prejudice they was faced with at the time. The poet also mentions his grandmother in this stanza, he calls her 'genuine' and she 'tells the truth.' The image portrayed of his grandmother is shown in a positive light. However, he compares her accent to stones, but stones last forever.
'Under bridges that leap over me'
The last stanza links to the title of the poem as the poet 'drives down the M4' where he looks back on his life. The bridge that the poet drove under is personified, the bridges 'leap' but then 'shrink' which could suggest that we only move forward in life, we are unable to change the past but we can reflect.
Abse describes an old 'Yiddish tune' that him and his mother sing, however the poet knows that it 'won't keep' and essentially will be forgotten. He his aware that his mother will go just like him, they will be forgotten about and lost, forming the idea of death.
Thursday 19 March 2015
Leaving Cardiff by Daniel Abse
Leaving Cardiff by Daniel Abse
The poem shows a sense of belonging and change as Abse describes his feelings towards Cardiff, which is his home and identity.
'Docks derelictions'
Within the first stanza, we see the use of an alliteration from the phrase 'docks derelictions' which creates the image of emptiness and isolation. This could also be interpreted as his feelings towards leaving the place, he feels alone and in ruins. In this stanza, the use of the words 'I wait' and 'I prepare' suggest hesitation and reluctance, the fact that he waits in the 'evening air' implies that the poet must start a new chapter in his life, and move away from Cardiff.
'Slack hammocks of waves below'
The description of the waves being 'slack' as 'hammonds' could be interpreted as a metaphor for looking at life and the future. This phrase connotes calm and peacefulness which could suggest the life Abse has had at Cardiff, or it could suggest that the poets future will consist of peace now that he is moving.
'My eyes, like spaces, fill'
The third stanza shows emotion as the poet has to leave his childhood and memories behind. His 'eyes, like spaces, fill, and the knots of water flow' suggesting that this is a life changing decision and a significant change which has taken a great amount of consideration
'Not for one second, I know, can I be the same man twice'
In the fourth stanza, a depressing tone is created because the poet will never 'be the same man' after his move. The poet will no longer be the same person, he will have a different cultural identity, leaving behind is comfort zone.
'Unload and move on'
The final stanza expresses the idea of moving on in life, the poet uses 'spokes over the long horizon' which is a sign of movement, where boats unload and move on which suggests the upcoming change. The poem ends with 'upload and move on' which is symbolic for new beginnings.
The poem shows a sense of belonging and change as Abse describes his feelings towards Cardiff, which is his home and identity.
'Docks derelictions'
Within the first stanza, we see the use of an alliteration from the phrase 'docks derelictions' which creates the image of emptiness and isolation. This could also be interpreted as his feelings towards leaving the place, he feels alone and in ruins. In this stanza, the use of the words 'I wait' and 'I prepare' suggest hesitation and reluctance, the fact that he waits in the 'evening air' implies that the poet must start a new chapter in his life, and move away from Cardiff.
'Slack hammocks of waves below'
The description of the waves being 'slack' as 'hammonds' could be interpreted as a metaphor for looking at life and the future. This phrase connotes calm and peacefulness which could suggest the life Abse has had at Cardiff, or it could suggest that the poets future will consist of peace now that he is moving.
'My eyes, like spaces, fill'
The third stanza shows emotion as the poet has to leave his childhood and memories behind. His 'eyes, like spaces, fill, and the knots of water flow' suggesting that this is a life changing decision and a significant change which has taken a great amount of consideration
'Not for one second, I know, can I be the same man twice'
In the fourth stanza, a depressing tone is created because the poet will never 'be the same man' after his move. The poet will no longer be the same person, he will have a different cultural identity, leaving behind is comfort zone.
'Unload and move on'
The final stanza expresses the idea of moving on in life, the poet uses 'spokes over the long horizon' which is a sign of movement, where boats unload and move on which suggests the upcoming change. The poem ends with 'upload and move on' which is symbolic for new beginnings.
Reference Black by Philip Larkin
Reference Black by Philip Larkin
The poem shows Larkin obsessing over his regrets in life therefore it has a pessimistic and cynical tone. The poem also relates music to time.
'I heard you call From the unsatisfactory hall'
From within the beginning the audience begins to see that the poem starts off with a mother and son listening to music together in their home, essentially forming the image of a mother and son that hold a bond over music. However, the word 'unsatisfactory' is used twice in the first stanza which could suggest that the son feels the need to move away and form a life of his own, he may not be completely happy. The word reflects a negative image. Larkin then mentions how he 'Played record after record, idly, Wasting [his] time at home' which implies that the poet gains little pleasure from the experience. The first stanza conveys a negative message about his time at home, where the songs reinforce the memories once shared with his memories.
'Out of Chicago air'
Within the second stanza, the theme of history is introduced as the song makes the poet reminisce over times in Chicago, he comments on jazz music and the 'antique Negros' which links the era. Nevertheless, Larkin is unhappy with the way his mother has aged, he calls it an 'unsatisfactory age' which forms a negative image. The 'sudden bridge' links his mother and him who are both enjoying the music, but the bridge is also a metaphor for age between the two generations. Larkin uses an oxymoron in the final line of stanza two by using 'unsatisfactory prime' because your prime is supposed to be the best time of your life, yet he is unhappy.
'We are not suited to the long perspectives'
In the final stanza, the line 'They link us to our losses' suggests that we are able to think of the ones we have lost when we listen to music, which makes the memories come flooding back. The audience can see that the message being made is no matter the choices we make in life, everything would still be the same, death is inevitable.'Blindingly undiminished' could indicate that Larkin used to see life with optimism, but as he has grown up he feels differently, with youth you see things with great hope.
The poem shows Larkin obsessing over his regrets in life therefore it has a pessimistic and cynical tone. The poem also relates music to time.
'I heard you call From the unsatisfactory hall'
From within the beginning the audience begins to see that the poem starts off with a mother and son listening to music together in their home, essentially forming the image of a mother and son that hold a bond over music. However, the word 'unsatisfactory' is used twice in the first stanza which could suggest that the son feels the need to move away and form a life of his own, he may not be completely happy. The word reflects a negative image. Larkin then mentions how he 'Played record after record, idly, Wasting [his] time at home' which implies that the poet gains little pleasure from the experience. The first stanza conveys a negative message about his time at home, where the songs reinforce the memories once shared with his memories.
'Out of Chicago air'
Within the second stanza, the theme of history is introduced as the song makes the poet reminisce over times in Chicago, he comments on jazz music and the 'antique Negros' which links the era. Nevertheless, Larkin is unhappy with the way his mother has aged, he calls it an 'unsatisfactory age' which forms a negative image. The 'sudden bridge' links his mother and him who are both enjoying the music, but the bridge is also a metaphor for age between the two generations. Larkin uses an oxymoron in the final line of stanza two by using 'unsatisfactory prime' because your prime is supposed to be the best time of your life, yet he is unhappy.
'We are not suited to the long perspectives'
In the final stanza, the line 'They link us to our losses' suggests that we are able to think of the ones we have lost when we listen to music, which makes the memories come flooding back. The audience can see that the message being made is no matter the choices we make in life, everything would still be the same, death is inevitable.'Blindingly undiminished' could indicate that Larkin used to see life with optimism, but as he has grown up he feels differently, with youth you see things with great hope.
Home is so Sad by Philip Larkin
Home is so Sad by Philip Larkin
The poem covers the themes of belonging and death. Larkin personifies the word 'Home' by describing it as 'sad' which sets the tone of the poem.
'Shaped to the comfort of the last to go As if to win them back'
In the first stanza, it is clear that the poet is going through grief and longing for a loved one who has passed. 'It stays as it was left' suggests that the house is the same as it was before, even though time has passed. Larkin uses the word 'bereft' which suggests that the house is mourning, reinforcing personification. In the final line, 'Having no heart' could be a reference to the well known phrase 'Home is where the heart is' showing that their is grief at present.
'A joyous shot at how things ought to be, Long fallen wide'
In the second stanza, a sense of disappointment is portrayed, Larkin's future was not what he imagined it would be. Simple elements that made the home are described here such as 'the pictures and the cutlery' which resemble the loved ones that used to live there, making it warm and comforting. However, now the house no longer remains a happy place to be. The word 'music' is used in the final line, which the reader interepts as happy, however it's now away 'in the piano stool' which could reflect the way in which the poet's source of happiness is locked away in the past. The poem ends with 'That vase' suggesting flowers, which hold connotations of happiness, life and beauty, a remindeder of the affection and love that people used to feel in this home.
The poem covers the themes of belonging and death. Larkin personifies the word 'Home' by describing it as 'sad' which sets the tone of the poem.
'Shaped to the comfort of the last to go As if to win them back'
In the first stanza, it is clear that the poet is going through grief and longing for a loved one who has passed. 'It stays as it was left' suggests that the house is the same as it was before, even though time has passed. Larkin uses the word 'bereft' which suggests that the house is mourning, reinforcing personification. In the final line, 'Having no heart' could be a reference to the well known phrase 'Home is where the heart is' showing that their is grief at present.
'A joyous shot at how things ought to be, Long fallen wide'
In the second stanza, a sense of disappointment is portrayed, Larkin's future was not what he imagined it would be. Simple elements that made the home are described here such as 'the pictures and the cutlery' which resemble the loved ones that used to live there, making it warm and comforting. However, now the house no longer remains a happy place to be. The word 'music' is used in the final line, which the reader interepts as happy, however it's now away 'in the piano stool' which could reflect the way in which the poet's source of happiness is locked away in the past. The poem ends with 'That vase' suggesting flowers, which hold connotations of happiness, life and beauty, a remindeder of the affection and love that people used to feel in this home.
Wednesday 18 March 2015
As Bad as a Mile by Philip Larkin
As Bad as a Mile by Philip Larkin
This is one of Larkin's shorter poems from the collection, where the poem conveys the feeling of missing your goal, just like throwing an apple core in the bin but missing. The message of innocence is also portrayed, and how we do not understand the harsh yet inevitable realities of life.
'Watching the shield core Striking the basket, skidding across the floor'
The feeling of being so close and missing is presented in the first stanza, as the 'sheild core' went 'skidding across the floor' which presents a sense of frustration. He then describes how it 'Shows less and less of luck' the closer you get to your goal, showing that no matter what it will eventually miss. Larkin then uses the word 'failure' to describe the act which creates a tone of pessimism, there is no hope.
'Earlier and earlier, the unraised hand calm, The apple unbitten in the palm'
In the final stanza, Larkin makes a reference to the story of Adam and Eve, describing how their lives were pure before they bit into the apple, which led to disappointment and grief. The poet presents the idea that failure automatically begins the moment you are aware of reality, just like Adam and Eve. The moment they bit into the Apple their paradise ended. You can never return to the time when your innocence was 'in the palm' of your hand, it us unable to be retrieved.
This is one of Larkin's shorter poems from the collection, where the poem conveys the feeling of missing your goal, just like throwing an apple core in the bin but missing. The message of innocence is also portrayed, and how we do not understand the harsh yet inevitable realities of life.
'Watching the shield core Striking the basket, skidding across the floor'
The feeling of being so close and missing is presented in the first stanza, as the 'sheild core' went 'skidding across the floor' which presents a sense of frustration. He then describes how it 'Shows less and less of luck' the closer you get to your goal, showing that no matter what it will eventually miss. Larkin then uses the word 'failure' to describe the act which creates a tone of pessimism, there is no hope.
'Earlier and earlier, the unraised hand calm, The apple unbitten in the palm'
In the final stanza, Larkin makes a reference to the story of Adam and Eve, describing how their lives were pure before they bit into the apple, which led to disappointment and grief. The poet presents the idea that failure automatically begins the moment you are aware of reality, just like Adam and Eve. The moment they bit into the Apple their paradise ended. You can never return to the time when your innocence was 'in the palm' of your hand, it us unable to be retrieved.
The Large Cool Store by Philip Larkin
The Large Cool Store by Philip Larkin
In the poem, Larkin describes a shop which sells cheap and slightly dated clothing, in which he negatively describes. It is also clear that the poet doesn't approve of the working class who live in the area where the shop is located.
'The large cool store selling cheap clothes Set out in simple sizes plainly'
Within the first stanza, words such as 'cheap' and 'simple' sets Larkin's tone of the poem. The clothes are inexpensive because of inferior quality and the colours such as brown and grey are dull and lifeless. However, Larkin could also be referring to the local people by labelling them as 'simple' and plain, alongside the bland colours which could suggest that the individuals are an eyesore.
'Time for factory, yard and site'
Larkin imagines the lives of the people who shop at this particular clothing shop. He describes how they leave 'low terraced houses' at down in time for 'factory' work, implying that they are low class with little money and a low end job role. The poet then describes how the shirts and trousers are in 'heaps' which makes them sound untidy, like they have been dumped there.
'Lemon, sapphire, moss-green, rose'
Within the third stanza, vibrant colours such as 'lemon, sapphire, moss green' and 'rose' are presented, which are separated from the dull colours mentioned previous. Even though the material items may be attractive, the women wearing them 'flounce in clusters' which gives an unattractive approach. The poet then describes 'How separate and unearthly love is, Or women' which implies he doesn't understand love or women, he finds them false and unnatural. The poet then describes how young people dream 'unreal wishes' that will never come true, therefore he reduces love because it's 'synthetic, new and natureless' suggesting it lacks fulfilment and enjoyment. Overall, men build up an image only to be disappointed in the long run.
In the poem, Larkin describes a shop which sells cheap and slightly dated clothing, in which he negatively describes. It is also clear that the poet doesn't approve of the working class who live in the area where the shop is located.
'The large cool store selling cheap clothes Set out in simple sizes plainly'
Within the first stanza, words such as 'cheap' and 'simple' sets Larkin's tone of the poem. The clothes are inexpensive because of inferior quality and the colours such as brown and grey are dull and lifeless. However, Larkin could also be referring to the local people by labelling them as 'simple' and plain, alongside the bland colours which could suggest that the individuals are an eyesore.
'Time for factory, yard and site'
Larkin imagines the lives of the people who shop at this particular clothing shop. He describes how they leave 'low terraced houses' at down in time for 'factory' work, implying that they are low class with little money and a low end job role. The poet then describes how the shirts and trousers are in 'heaps' which makes them sound untidy, like they have been dumped there.
'Lemon, sapphire, moss-green, rose'
Within the third stanza, vibrant colours such as 'lemon, sapphire, moss green' and 'rose' are presented, which are separated from the dull colours mentioned previous. Even though the material items may be attractive, the women wearing them 'flounce in clusters' which gives an unattractive approach. The poet then describes 'How separate and unearthly love is, Or women' which implies he doesn't understand love or women, he finds them false and unnatural. The poet then describes how young people dream 'unreal wishes' that will never come true, therefore he reduces love because it's 'synthetic, new and natureless' suggesting it lacks fulfilment and enjoyment. Overall, men build up an image only to be disappointed in the long run.
Theme of Belief-First Sight
Theme of belief
First sight by Philip Larkin
The poem 'First Sight' takes a different approach to the collection of poems by Larkin as it takes something gloomy and turns it optimistic. The poem revolves around around lambs in the snow, however the chill of the winter will always be met with the warmth of spring. Larkin describes how the Lambs 'learn to walk in the snow' where they 'meet a vast unwelcome' suggesting the surrondings are dismal which creates a pessemitc tone. This is followd with 'All they find outside the fold Is a wretched width of cold' which implies that life never contains any happiness or excitement, it's simply full of 'cold' memories. Nevetheless, this also suggests that there is nothing more to life than what greets you, you are unable to change the life you are given.
First sight by Philip Larkin
The poem 'First Sight' takes a different approach to the collection of poems by Larkin as it takes something gloomy and turns it optimistic. The poem revolves around around lambs in the snow, however the chill of the winter will always be met with the warmth of spring. Larkin describes how the Lambs 'learn to walk in the snow' where they 'meet a vast unwelcome' suggesting the surrondings are dismal which creates a pessemitc tone. This is followd with 'All they find outside the fold Is a wretched width of cold' which implies that life never contains any happiness or excitement, it's simply full of 'cold' memories. Nevetheless, this also suggests that there is nothing more to life than what greets you, you are unable to change the life you are given.
Send No Money by Philip Larkin
Send No Money by Philip Larkin
The poem is a symbolic poem about time, ageing and regret are key themes.
'Impendant belly of Time'
Within the first stanza, the persona is in the mind of a child, 'Tell me the way things go' implies that he is unsure of what to expect of life in the future. The poet expresses how 'All the other lads there Were itching to have a bash' which implies how the young boys were living their life to the full, unlike Larkin who was constantly thinking about life and the future.
'There's no green in your eye'
In the second stanza, we learn that Larkin was not envious towards the other boys, he would rather sit and question life. Time tells him to 'Sit here, and watch the hail' suggesting that he must let life pass and wait for time to affect him. Larkin personifies time by saying 'Oh thankyou' which implies he is childlike as he 'sat down to wait.'
'Half life is over now'
Throughout the final stanza, the poet is much older now as 'half [his] life is over now' which suggests he is more mature and grown up. He meets 'full face on dark mornings' which suggests his life has been dull and unpleasant, his life is more cynical and sad than before. 'The bestial visitor' implies that time is daunting and scary, along with 'bent in' which suggests something being destroyed. Life doesn't live up to expectations, in fact it is the cause of his sadness and grief. When the poet looks back at his life, sitting around waiting as proved 'Sod all' which indicates he has wasted his entire life on something that has never happened.
The poem is a symbolic poem about time, ageing and regret are key themes.
'Impendant belly of Time'
Within the first stanza, the persona is in the mind of a child, 'Tell me the way things go' implies that he is unsure of what to expect of life in the future. The poet expresses how 'All the other lads there Were itching to have a bash' which implies how the young boys were living their life to the full, unlike Larkin who was constantly thinking about life and the future.
'There's no green in your eye'
In the second stanza, we learn that Larkin was not envious towards the other boys, he would rather sit and question life. Time tells him to 'Sit here, and watch the hail' suggesting that he must let life pass and wait for time to affect him. Larkin personifies time by saying 'Oh thankyou' which implies he is childlike as he 'sat down to wait.'
'Half life is over now'
Throughout the final stanza, the poet is much older now as 'half [his] life is over now' which suggests he is more mature and grown up. He meets 'full face on dark mornings' which suggests his life has been dull and unpleasant, his life is more cynical and sad than before. 'The bestial visitor' implies that time is daunting and scary, along with 'bent in' which suggests something being destroyed. Life doesn't live up to expectations, in fact it is the cause of his sadness and grief. When the poet looks back at his life, sitting around waiting as proved 'Sod all' which indicates he has wasted his entire life on something that has never happened.
The Importance of Elsewhere by Philip Larkin
The Importance of Elsewhere by Philip Larkin
'Lonely in Ireland'
In the first stanza, Larkin expresses his loneliness as he's 'Lonely in Ireland, since it was not home.' He feels like an outsider as the 'strangeness made sense' suggesting that nothing was familiar to him, the strangeness of the place was normal to him. 'Salt rebuff of speech' is relating to the harsh Irish accent which the poet finds hard to understand. However, a paradox is used in the first stanza as it 'made [him] welcome' which suggests Larkin liked being different as it made him feel more at ease.
'Their draughty streets'
Within the second stanza, a description of Ireland is given in a negative light. Larkin describes the 'draughty streets' and the 'Archaic smell of dockland, like a stable' which makes the place appear unpleasant and ghastly. Larkin then uses the word 'dwindling' which gives the impression of isolation.
'Living in England has no such excuse'
In the final stanza, the poet talks about his hometown which is England. Even though England is home to Larkin, he has no 'excuse' not to fit in because he knows the 'establishments' and how he should act. However, the last line 'Here no elsewhere underwrites my existence' suggests that he loves his hometown, but he has to conform to the norms of society. Unlike in Ireland, where he can be himself.
In the first stanza, Larkin expresses his loneliness as he's 'Lonely in Ireland, since it was not home.' He feels like an outsider as the 'strangeness made sense' suggesting that nothing was familiar to him, the strangeness of the place was normal to him. 'Salt rebuff of speech' is relating to the harsh Irish accent which the poet finds hard to understand. However, a paradox is used in the first stanza as it 'made [him] welcome' which suggests Larkin liked being different as it made him feel more at ease.
'Their draughty streets'
Within the second stanza, a description of Ireland is given in a negative light. Larkin describes the 'draughty streets' and the 'Archaic smell of dockland, like a stable' which makes the place appear unpleasant and ghastly. Larkin then uses the word 'dwindling' which gives the impression of isolation.
'Living in England has no such excuse'
In the final stanza, the poet talks about his hometown which is England. Even though England is home to Larkin, he has no 'excuse' not to fit in because he knows the 'establishments' and how he should act. However, the last line 'Here no elsewhere underwrites my existence' suggests that he loves his hometown, but he has to conform to the norms of society. Unlike in Ireland, where he can be himself.
Tuesday 17 March 2015
Naturally the Founations will Bear Your Expenses by Philip Larkin
Naturally the Founations will Bear Your Expenses by Philip Larkin.
The poem is based on remembrance day where Larkin expresses his dislike towards the norms and traditions of this day, however he fully respects the soliders who fought in the war.
'One dark November day'
Larkin uses the word 'dark' when talking about remembrance day implies his opinion towards this particular day. His attitude is negative and dismissive. The poet later describes the 'crowds' as 'colourless and careworn' which portrays the individuals as bland dreary. It also suggests how the geniune care for the soliders has been lost, remembrance day is only a tradition which is based on habit. 'The day when Queen and Minister and Band of Guards and all still act their solemn-sinister wreath-rubbish in Whitehall', suggests the authority, and the individuals with a higher status, pay their respects as a fake performance, just to follow their duties.A sense irony is portrayed in that the Queen sympathises with these soldiers, however she was the one that sent the men to their death.
'It used to make me throw up'
Larkin expresses his strong opinion by explaining how this day used to make him 'throw up' which is a hyperbolic statement, used to show how the event is sickening to the poet. Larkin thinks that society is child-like and fake as they play 'mawkish nursery games' reinforcing the idea that people copy each other and have to follow the same traditions. 'O when will England grow up' suggests how Larkin is annoyed with people for reliving the past, we should all get on with our own lives.
The poem is based on remembrance day where Larkin expresses his dislike towards the norms and traditions of this day, however he fully respects the soliders who fought in the war.
'One dark November day'
Larkin uses the word 'dark' when talking about remembrance day implies his opinion towards this particular day. His attitude is negative and dismissive. The poet later describes the 'crowds' as 'colourless and careworn' which portrays the individuals as bland dreary. It also suggests how the geniune care for the soliders has been lost, remembrance day is only a tradition which is based on habit. 'The day when Queen and Minister and Band of Guards and all still act their solemn-sinister wreath-rubbish in Whitehall', suggests the authority, and the individuals with a higher status, pay their respects as a fake performance, just to follow their duties.A sense irony is portrayed in that the Queen sympathises with these soldiers, however she was the one that sent the men to their death.
'It used to make me throw up'
Larkin expresses his strong opinion by explaining how this day used to make him 'throw up' which is a hyperbolic statement, used to show how the event is sickening to the poet. Larkin thinks that society is child-like and fake as they play 'mawkish nursery games' reinforcing the idea that people copy each other and have to follow the same traditions. 'O when will England grow up' suggests how Larkin is annoyed with people for reliving the past, we should all get on with our own lives.
Sunny Prestatyn by Philip Larkin
Sunny Prestatyn by Philip Larkin
'Come to Sunny Prestatyn'
In the poem, Larkin describes an advertising poster which persuades people to visit Prestatyn. The first stanza is presented with a cheerful tone with the word 'sunny' connoting happiness and joy. The girl on the poster is described as wearing 'white satin' which implies she is angelic. Larkin degrades the nameless women by describing her 'thighs' and 'breast-lifting arms' which portrays her as seductive and desirable.
'She was slapped up one day in March'
The girl on the poster was 'slapped up' which indicates a violent and harsh description. Larkin is talking about the poster, however he makes the poster seem alive by describing the girl as 'she' instead of the poster. The term is ambiguous as it could imply how the female's make up was slapped on thickly, essentially making her fake. However, it could mean that women can be treated carelessly because they are simply objects of beauty with no identity. Larkin goes on to describe the female in a grotesque manner. After a couple of weeks the poem had been defaced, therefore 'her face was snaggle-toothed and boss eyed.'
'Someone had used a knife Or something to stab right through'
In the final stanza, the woman herself seems to be killed as 'Someone had used a knife Or something to stab right through The mustached lips of her smile.' Larkin expresses no remorse or resignation for this as she was simply 'too good for this life' which implies that her appearance was the cause of her death and she can be blamed for her own demise. The final line of the final stanza describes how 'Now Fight Cancer is there' which represents how we cover the truth of reality, such as death, with images of positivity. However, this is sooner or later destroyed by the inevitable truth of death and disaster, which is reality. This is also a sign of how we try to cover up the ugly truth with something beautiful.
'Come to Sunny Prestatyn'
In the poem, Larkin describes an advertising poster which persuades people to visit Prestatyn. The first stanza is presented with a cheerful tone with the word 'sunny' connoting happiness and joy. The girl on the poster is described as wearing 'white satin' which implies she is angelic. Larkin degrades the nameless women by describing her 'thighs' and 'breast-lifting arms' which portrays her as seductive and desirable.
'She was slapped up one day in March'
The girl on the poster was 'slapped up' which indicates a violent and harsh description. Larkin is talking about the poster, however he makes the poster seem alive by describing the girl as 'she' instead of the poster. The term is ambiguous as it could imply how the female's make up was slapped on thickly, essentially making her fake. However, it could mean that women can be treated carelessly because they are simply objects of beauty with no identity. Larkin goes on to describe the female in a grotesque manner. After a couple of weeks the poem had been defaced, therefore 'her face was snaggle-toothed and boss eyed.'
'Someone had used a knife Or something to stab right through'
In the final stanza, the woman herself seems to be killed as 'Someone had used a knife Or something to stab right through The mustached lips of her smile.' Larkin expresses no remorse or resignation for this as she was simply 'too good for this life' which implies that her appearance was the cause of her death and she can be blamed for her own demise. The final line of the final stanza describes how 'Now Fight Cancer is there' which represents how we cover the truth of reality, such as death, with images of positivity. However, this is sooner or later destroyed by the inevitable truth of death and disaster, which is reality. This is also a sign of how we try to cover up the ugly truth with something beautiful.
MCMXIV by Philip Larkin
MCMXIV by Philip Larkin
Larkin entitled this poem MCMXIV, which are Roman numerals for the number 1914, the year of WW1. The poet adopts a tone which is not full of sarcasm, instead he sounds genuine which is unusual for Larkin.
'The Oval or Villa Park'
This phrase describes how the men are unaware of what they are letting themselves in for and they do not full understand the whole consequence of war. They were queuing for something leisurely like sport, reinforcing the idea of unawareness.
The first stanza also mentions how they are standing 'patiently' which indicates how people didn't feel the level of stress of standing in a queue like they do now. The men are then described to be 'grinning' as if it was 'An August Bank Holiday' which implies that they do not fear the war, propaganda gives false reality.
'And the shut shops'
The second stanza begins with describing how the shops are 'shut' suggesting that the shop owners have also gone to war, leaving behind their livelihood. The poet also describes the 'Dark-clothed children at play' which is a foreboding technique because 'dark' connotes death and misery. 'Tin advertisements' is also described in this stanza, showing propaganda and the governments tatics in making people join the way, placing them on food cans, essentially persuading them to be part of it.
'And the countryside not caring'
The third stanza mentions how the 'countryside' is not 'caring' and how the 'flowering grasses' now cover the 'place-names' which implies that the many men who once had the job of maintaining the countryside are now far away fighting at war. This stanza also describes how the rich live here with 'servants' and have 'limousines' which suggests how war doesn't affect this place.
'Never such innocence again'
The final stanza reveals the truth about war, it has damaging and life-lasting affects. 'Never such innocence, Never before or since' indicates how the many innocent men will never be the same again, they will never be 'innocent' because they have killed, therefore their innocence has been lost through the actions of war. The poet then describes how 'The thousands of marriages [Last] a little while longer' which implies how many women will soon be a widower because they will have lost their husbands to war. The repetition of 'never such innocence again' on the final line of the final stanza implies how the war dramatically changes people, both physically and mentally. People are unable to come to terms with the reality of war and what they have seen and done. The horrors will never fade away.
Larkin entitled this poem MCMXIV, which are Roman numerals for the number 1914, the year of WW1. The poet adopts a tone which is not full of sarcasm, instead he sounds genuine which is unusual for Larkin.
'The Oval or Villa Park'
This phrase describes how the men are unaware of what they are letting themselves in for and they do not full understand the whole consequence of war. They were queuing for something leisurely like sport, reinforcing the idea of unawareness.
The first stanza also mentions how they are standing 'patiently' which indicates how people didn't feel the level of stress of standing in a queue like they do now. The men are then described to be 'grinning' as if it was 'An August Bank Holiday' which implies that they do not fear the war, propaganda gives false reality.
'And the shut shops'
The second stanza begins with describing how the shops are 'shut' suggesting that the shop owners have also gone to war, leaving behind their livelihood. The poet also describes the 'Dark-clothed children at play' which is a foreboding technique because 'dark' connotes death and misery. 'Tin advertisements' is also described in this stanza, showing propaganda and the governments tatics in making people join the way, placing them on food cans, essentially persuading them to be part of it.
'And the countryside not caring'
The third stanza mentions how the 'countryside' is not 'caring' and how the 'flowering grasses' now cover the 'place-names' which implies that the many men who once had the job of maintaining the countryside are now far away fighting at war. This stanza also describes how the rich live here with 'servants' and have 'limousines' which suggests how war doesn't affect this place.
'Never such innocence again'
The final stanza reveals the truth about war, it has damaging and life-lasting affects. 'Never such innocence, Never before or since' indicates how the many innocent men will never be the same again, they will never be 'innocent' because they have killed, therefore their innocence has been lost through the actions of war. The poet then describes how 'The thousands of marriages [Last] a little while longer' which implies how many women will soon be a widower because they will have lost their husbands to war. The repetition of 'never such innocence again' on the final line of the final stanza implies how the war dramatically changes people, both physically and mentally. People are unable to come to terms with the reality of war and what they have seen and done. The horrors will never fade away.
A Study of Reading Habits by Philip Larkin
A Study of Reading Habits by Philip Larkin
The poem outlines how different books can have different effects on individuals. Each stanza portrays a certain period in Larkin's life.
'And deal out the old right hook To dirty dogs twice my size'
In his younger years, Larkin replaces reality with the idea of fantasy as he imagines himself as a hero, being strong enough "to deal out the old right hook to dirty dogs twice his size." It is clear that the poet was not fulfilled with his personal identity because the only way he could 'keep cool' was through adopting the characters of books.
'Evil was just my lark: Me and my cloak and fangs'
In the second stanza, we witness a time shift. Larkin perceives himself as a darker character as 'Evil was just [his] lark.' The poet describes his 'cloak' and 'fangs' which makes him appear profoundly immoral which resonates with villains. Larkin describes how he broke women up 'like meringues' which portrays them as weak objects.
'Books are a load of crap'
In the last stanza, Larkin comes to the conclusion that the fantasies are over as he realizes that he was never a hero or a dark character, in fact he was of little importance. He describes himself as being 'the dude that lets the girl down before the hero arrives' which may be hinting towards his past failed relationships. This stanza reflects Larkin's bitterness because he ignored reality and did things only in his imagination. The message that ignoring reality only leads to a lack of fulfillment is clearly conveyed.
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